Electrochemical treatment technologies have been widely used to remove heavy metals in water.Specifically,carbon?based electrodes show positive application prospects in electrochemical treatment and recovery of heavy metals due to their strong electrical conductivity,large specific surface area,and controllable structure.This paper reviewed the research progress in the removal and recovery of heavy metals in electrochemical fields,such as electro?adsorption,electro?reduction,electro?oxidation,and electro?deposition by carbon?based electrodes including carbon nanotubes,graphene,and activated carbon.In addition,the development trends of removing heavy metals by electrochemical treatment technologies based on carbon materials were predicted.